A human-specific gene in microglia.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Recent studies have shown multiple differences between humans and apes in sialic acid (Sia) biology, including Siglecs (Sia-recognizing-Ig-superfamily lectins). Comparisons with the chimpanzee genome indicate that human SIGLEC11 emerged through human-specific gene conversion by an adjacent pseudogene. Conversion involved 5 cent untranslated sequences and the Sia-recognition domain. This human protein shows reduced binding relative to the ancestral form but recognizes oligosialic acids, which are enriched in the brain. SIGLEC11 is expressed in human but not in chimpanzee brain microglia. Further studies will determine if this event was related to the evolution of Homo.
منابع مشابه
Haloperidol’s Effect on the Expressions of TGFB, NT-3, and BDNF genes in Cultured Rat Microglia
Introduction: Microglia, small glial cells, i.e. mesodermal in origin and found in the brain and spinal cord, play a key role in the maintenance of neurons and immune defense. Haloperidol, an antipsychotic drug, is used to treat numerous neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Its mechanism is not understood; however, haloperidol may result in Wnt signaling pathway activation. This study ...
متن کاملTissue Specific Expression of Human Calcitonin Gene in Potato Tubers by an Organ Specific Promoter
To increase the production level of heterologous proteins in plants, strategies such as choice of strongerpromoters, optimization of codon usage and specific localization of foreign proteins are of major concern.Calcitonin (CT), a 32 amino acid polypeptide is a powerful and specific inhibitor of bone resorption and isused to treat several human diseases. Calcitonin activity is...
متن کاملP108: Microglia in Traumatic Brain Injury
Microglia is one of the first innate immune components. These cells account about 5 to 10% of the entire adult brain cells and are activated by trauma. Complex-mediated inflammatory responses occur through cellular and molecular events during and after the traumatic brain injury (TBI). In-lesion area astrocytes, microglia, and damaged neurons begin to secrete cytokines and chemokines. Microglia...
متن کاملP185: Survey Effect of Histamine on Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases contain Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are characterized by neuronal death and neuronal degeneration in specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are the basic immune brain cells and play a role in homeostasis after inflammation challenge. Microglia involves in Neurodegenerative disease...
متن کاملO27: Interaction of Cancer Stem Cells and Microglia in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Malignant gliomas are highly invasive brain tumors with the occurrence of multiple microglia/macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages/microglia that found in glioma microenvironment, as tumor-infiltrating immune cells, can play a harmful role in tumor progression. In addition, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) contains multiple aberrant differentiation and tumorigenic cancer stem cell...
متن کاملP157: Periostin Recruits Tumor Associated Macrophages in Glioblastoma Multiform
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumors with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment options are limited and ineffective in most of the cases. Epidemiological studies have shown a link between inflammation and glioma genesis. In addition, at the molecular level, pro-inflammatory cytokines released from activated microglia can increa...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Science
دوره 309 5741 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005